Fast, Frequent, Reliable Rail: A Climate and Health Imperative
Washington’s transportation system is at a crossroads. Highway congestion is worsening, vehicle emissions are polluting our air, and the climate crisis is making extreme heat and wildfire smoke more common. These challenges directly impact public health, with increasing rates of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases linked to air pollution. Yet one of the most effective, energy-efficient solutions—passenger rail—remains largely underutilized.
Shifting more travel to rail is not just a climate imperative; it’s a public health necessity. Diesel pollution from cars, trucks, and short-haul flights is a major contributor to serious health conditions, disproportionately affecting communities near highways and airports. Rail, however, is far more energy-efficient and can be electrified, providing fast, reliable, and clean transportation while reducing harmful emissions. Expanding passenger rail service along the I-5 corridor would not only cut greenhouse gas emissions but also improve air quality in communities burdened by highway and airport pollution.
The legislature has a bill before them - HB 1837/SB 5667 - which represents a critical step toward making this vision a reality. By establishing clear priorities for intercity rail service improvements, Washington can begin the process of modernizing its transportation system in ways that protect both the climate and public health.
Rail: A Solution to the Climate and Public Health Crises
Transportation is Washington’s largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, with highway travel and short-haul flights playing a significant role. Passenger rail can reduce these emissions dramatically. Trains are at least three times more energy-efficient than cars and planes, and when electrified, they offer near-zero emissions travel. The World Health Organization and numerous peer-reviewed studies have demonstrated the link between fossil fuel combustion and increased rates of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. By shifting travel away from high-emission modes to a robust rail system, we can significantly cut pollution and improve public health outcomes.
Diesel emissions contain fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), both of which contribute to asthma, heart disease, and premature death. Communities near highways and airports—disproportionately low-income communities and communities of color—bear the brunt of these health impacts. According to state health department data, childhood asthma hospitalization rates are significantly higher in areas with heavy traffic and diesel exposure. Electrifying rail infrastructure and increasing passenger rail service will help reduce these harmful emissions and protect public health.
Mobility Justice: Expanding Transportation Access for All
At least 25% of Washingtonians do not drive, including elderly residents, people with disabilities, and those who cannot afford a car. While urban areas offer transit options, regional travel remains difficult without a personal vehicle. Investing in intercity rail would provide a more accessible, affordable alternative, ensuring that more people can reach jobs, healthcare, and education without relying on cars.
Rail Investments Save Money and Lives
A common misconception is that rail infrastructure is prohibitively expensive. However, the Washington State Department of Transportation’s Long Range Plan for Amtrak Cascades found that improving rail service could ultimately generate revenue while reducing long-term transportation costs. Additionally, studies show that reducing transportation-related air pollution leads to immediate health benefits, including lower hospitalization rates and decreased mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
The transition to a cleaner, more efficient transportation system is not a futuristic vision—it is an urgent necessity. Other regions have successfully implemented fast, frequent, and reliable intercity rail, and Washington has an opportunity to do the same. With federal funding available for rail expansion, now is the time to act.
As health professionals, we recognize that climate change is the greatest public health threat of our time. Investing in intercity rail isn’t just about convenience; it’s about reducing pollution, improving air quality, and creating a more just and sustainable transportation system.
We urge policymakers to support HB 1837 and SB 5667 as essential steps toward a healthier and more resilient Washington.
